Gambling is a form of risk taking that involves a decision to take a chance in the hope of winning something of value. It is a complex activity that has an impact on all aspects of the individual’s life and can lead to negative outcomes including psychological, physical and social consequences.
The prevalence of gambling problems has increased, with the emergence of new technologies that make it possible to gamble anytime, anywhere, through a variety of different channels. Easy access to gambling products increases the likelihood of uptake, particularly in disadvantaged communities. The proliferation of gambling apps and electronic gaming machines (EGMs) makes it possible to gamble on a small screen, even while watching TV or working at a desk.
Moreover, many gambling services are advertised in social media and in the mass media with celebrity endorsements and celebrity events, which contribute to the normalization of gambling. This is a major factor in the increasing incidence of gambling-related harms, as it increases the perceived acceptance and social acceptability of this behaviour.
People who suffer from gambling problems often report adverse effects on their personal relationships, employment and daily functioning. These difficulties can lead to family disintegration, financial stress, loss of employment and even depression. Those who have a problem with gambling are at high risk of becoming isolated. A lack of recreational activities and poor coping mechanisms can further increase the negative effects. Universal pre-commitment and self-exclusion systems are effective tools in helping people control their gambling behaviour.